# Diseases of the circulatory system types #
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* A medicine against high blood pressure lorista Losartan 5mg 12
* Catheter Ablation due to cardiovascular diseases
* Smoking promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases
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## A medicine against high blood pressure lorista Losartan 5mg 12 ##
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Diseases of the cardiovascular system: types and key features
The cardiovascular system plays a Central role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. It is the heart and the network of blood includes blood vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries — and provides for the Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products. Diseases of this system are among the most common causes of death in the world and include a variety of disease patterns.
1. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Coronary heart disease is caused by a narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle tissue with oxygen. The most common cause is atherosclerosis walls — the deposition of Plaques (made of cholesterol, fat and other substances) in the inner Vessel. Symptoms may include Angina pectoris (chest pain), shortness of breath and fatigue. In the severe case, the CHD leads to a myocardial infarction.
2. Heart failure
Heart failure is when the heart can no longer pump enough blood through the circulatory system to supply the body adequately. You can left‑ or right-sided occurrence, or both sides can relate. Causes are often previous infarction, hypertension, valvular or cardiomyopathies. Typical symptoms are shortness of breath (especially when Edema Are), on the legs, fatigue and decreased strength.
3. Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias are disturbances in the normal heart rhythm. You can speak more slowly than too fast (tachycardia), to (bradycardia), or irregular heartbeat. Causes range from electrolytic disorders and heart attacks to genetic factors. A particularly dangerous example, atrial fibrillation, increased seizures, the risk of shock.
4. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Hypertension is when the blood pressure is consistently above the normal value of 140/90 mmHg. It is regarded as the silent Killer, because it runs for a long time asymptomatic, but the risk for heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, and retinal changes significantly increased. Risk factors include Obesity, salt overconsumption, Stress, alcohol, and family burden.
5. Heart valve defects
Malfunction of the heart valves (e.g., aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency) disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart. They can be congenital or acquired (for example, after rheumatic fever, or as a result of atherosclerosis). Symptoms can range from fatigue, dizziness, and chest pain to heart failure.
6. Inflammatory Heart Disease
To belong to this group, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), endocarditis (inflammation of the inner heart wall), and pericarditis (inflammation of pericardium). Causes are infections (viruses, bacteria), auto-immune diseases, or medication side effects. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, tachycardia, and shortness of breath.
7. Aneurysms
An aneurysm is a local bulge of an artery, usually due to atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, or genetic disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome). Especially dangerous aneurysms of the Aorta are, as they are in rupture life-threatening.
Summary
Diseases of the circulatory system are diverse and often interrelated. Early detection, healthy way of life (well-balanced diet, regular physical activity, not Smoking), and continuous medical care are crucial for the prevention and therapy of these diseases.
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> Constant high levels of stress can disturb the blood flow and blood pressure and can damage vessels, and you may experience dizziness, extreme fatigue, or body aches with no wish to get out of bed. This stress-induced fatigue can make your blood pressure high and needs to be monitored.
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## Catheter Ablation due to cardiovascular diseases ##
Catheter ablation in the case of cardiovascular disease: techniques, indications and results
The catheter ablation represents an important therapeutic Option in a number of cardiovascular diseases, especially in the case of arrhythmias. This minimally invasive procedure allows for the targeted destruction (Ablation) of heart tissue for the formation and maintenance of pathological cardiac rhythm disturbances and is responsible.
Process technology
During the catheter ablation of a thin, flexible catheter through a vein or artery (typically the femoral vein) into the heart. Using electrophysiological investigations will first identify the exact Origin, locations of the arrhythmogenic activity. It is then passed through the catheter energy (mostly radio-frequency energy or cooling energy by means of cryotherapy) to the affected area, damage to the arrhythmogenic tissue specifically, or to destroy it. This under the abnormal breaks runs electric circuit and can restore the normal heart rhythm.
Indications
The catheter ablation at different Arrhythmia types, including:
Atrial fibrillation (atrial fibrillation): One of the most common indications, especially when the drugs don't work enough or intolerable side effects.
Atrial flutter (atrial flutter): Often with a very high degree of Success treatable, there is typically a clear defined in the Reentry circuit.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT): Including AV‑Nodal‑Reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) and orthodrome AV Reentry tachycardia (e.g. Wolff‑Parkinson‑White syndrome).
Ventricular tachycardia In patients with structural heart disease (e.g. myocardial infarction) can the Ablation, the risk of cut life-threatening arrhythmias and the need for Implantable cardioverter‑defibrillators (ICD) reduce.
Results and risks
The success of catheter ablation varies depending on the arrhythmia type. In the case of simple arrhythmias such as atrial flutter or PSVT, the success rates are over 90%. In the case of more complex forms, such as atrial fibrillation repeated interventions are often necessary, and the initial success rates are about 60-80%.
Despite the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, there are risks, including:
Vascular complications at the puncture site
Cardiac perforation or Tamponade
Stroke (especially in atrial fibrillation ablation)
AV‑Blockade, which may require a permanent pacemaker
Pulmonary vein stenosis (rare, especially in the case of atrial fibrillation ablation)
Conclusion
Catheter ablation has been established as an effective treatment method for many arrhythmias. It provides patients with medications fail or incompatible, a realistic Alternative with high chances of success. The continuous development of the techniques and navigation systems, as well as the improvement of the understanding of the arrhythmogenic mechanisms are expected to increase the efficiency and safety of the procedure. Careful patient selection and a multidisciplinary approach are essential in order to achieve the best possible results.
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A medicine against high blood pressure: Lorista (Losartan) 5 mg
Introduction
High blood pressure (arterial hypertension) is one of the most common cardiovascular disease worldwide and a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney disease. An effective pharmacological therapy is crucial for the prevention of these complications. An important drug in the treatment of hypertension is Lorista, whose active substance is Losartan.
Pharmacological classification and mechanism of action
Losartan belongs to the group of Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AT₁ receptor blocker). The active ingredient in the binding of Angiotensin II binds to its receptors, in particular of the AT₁ receptors in blood vessels, heart, and kidney. This is achieved in the following:
Vasodilatation (enlargement of blood vessels);
Reduction of peripheral vascular resistance;
Reduction in Aldosterone secretion;
less Retention of sodium and water in the body;
protective effect on the heart and kidney.
Composition and dosage form
Lorista 5 mg is in the Form of tablets, with a plant-based casing covered. Each tablet contains:
Active ingredient: Losartan potassium 5 mg;
Auxiliary substances: lactose monohydrate, Microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, povidone K30, Colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, talc, Croscarmellose sodium (exact composition can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer).
Indications
The medical regulation in accordance with Lorista 5 mg is used in the following diseases:
Arterial hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Renal protection in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and proteinuria to slowing the progression of kidney disease.
Reduction in the risk of stroke and heart attack in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.
Dosage and administration
The dosage is determined individually, and should always be done under medical supervision.
The standard dose for hypertension: 50 mg once daily. If necessary, the dose may be increased to 100 mg per day.
Starting dose (e.g. in the case of volumver reduction or concomitant intake of diuretics): 12.5 mg daily, gradually increased.
The tablet is swallowed whole, with or without food, at the same time of day taken.
Contraindications
Lorista should not be used in:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding (can cause damage to the fetus);
Age under 18 years (a lack of data on safety);
Hypersensitivity to Losartan or to any of the excipients;
severe liver disease;
Combination with Aliskiren in patients with diabetes;
hereditary intolerance of Lactose (if included).
Side effects
Possible side effects (depending on frequency):
Common: dizziness, fatigue, Hyperkalieämie (elevated potassium levels), gastrointestinal complaints (Nausea, diarrhea).
Uncommon: Headache, Sleep Disorders, Cough, Edema.
Rare: allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema), renal dysfunction.
Upon the Occurrence of serious side effects, consult a physician.
Interactions with other drugs
Losartan may interact with other medicines inter:
Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, increase the risk of a Hyperkalieämie.
NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen): may diminish the antihypertensive effect and renal function compromise.
Other blood pressure lowering drugs: additive effect, possible hypotension.
Conclusion
Lorista (Losartan 5 mg) is a modern, effective and relatively safe drug for the treatment of hypertension and for the prevention of cardiovascular complications. The therapy should be individually tailored and under regular medical control. Before the beginning of the treatment, a careful medical history and, if necessary, laboratory tests (potassium, renal function) are required.
Note: This Text is for information purposes only and does not replace the medical advice. Before taking Lorista a doctor must be consulted.
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## Smoking promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases ##
Smoking promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases
Smoking is considered to be one of the most important preventable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies confirm the causal relationship between tobacco consumption and a number of diseases, including coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
Biochemical Mechanisms
The main reason for this is that the harmful substances that are released during the Burning of tobacco-free — including nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO), free radicals, and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These substances act on several levels:
Endothelial damage: tobacco smoke leads to a dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, which affect the vasodilation and the formation of atherosclerosis‑favored Placken.
Oxidative Stress: Free radical accelerate the Oxidation of LDL cholesterol, which contributes to the formation of bad cholesterol and thus atherosclerosis.
Thrombotic cell activation: nicotine stimulates platelet aggregation, increases the risk of thrombosis and embolic events.
Increase in blood pressure: Due to the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline leads nicotine to vasoconstriction and, thus, to a sustained increase in blood pressure.
Epidemiological Data
According to Reports from the world health organization (WHO) is causing the Smoking worldwide a year, about 7 million deaths, of which almost 2 million illnesses due to cardiovascular disease. Studies show that smokers smokers compared to:
the 2-4‑fold risk for a heart attack;
twice the risk for stroke to wear;
a significantly increased likelihood of peripheral vascular disease.
Passive Smoking is associated with an approximately 25-30% increased risk for coronary heart disease.
Dose‑Response Relationship
There is a direct relationship between the daily Cigarettes count and the risk for CVD is. Even small amounts (1-5 cigarettes per day) may increase the cardiovascular risk significantly. At the same time studies show that the Stop Smoking lowers after a few years, the risk significantly after 5-10 years, approaching the level of non-smokers.
Conclusion
Diseases Smoking a demonstrably strong risk factor for the development and Progression of cardiovascular disease. The reduction of tobacco use, prevention measures, education and support to Stop Smoking is therefore an important strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality due to CVD.
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